Energy Efficient Lighting

Archive for May 2016

May/16

27

85-year-old lighting mystery is solved

An LED lighting problem that’s baffled scientists for decades has been solved. AND: Why flicker is back – and is worse then ever. PLUS: Lux launches a new event for the fall. Lux Today newscast for Tuesday 24 May 2016 is presented by Courtney Ferguson.

 

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Philips Lighting showcased truly pioneering lighting innovations at Light + Building 2016, the world’s leading trade fair for lighting in Frankfurt, Germany. 

Philips brought together leading experts to inspire and engage fellow professionals as part of their speaker program at light+building.

Connected lighting in smart cities

Delivering smart buildings

New technology trends and their impact on LED luminaires

 

We’ve captured these insightful talks in a series of videos – so if you couldn’t make it to the show, here’s your chance to catch up on what you missed. 

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May/16

19

Skills shortage to put brake on connected lighting

A looming skills shortage could derail the revolution in connected lighting – unless action is taken to train a generation of contractors. PLUS: Customer who spent $150 million on lighting says pace of technological development is ‘overwhelming’. Lux Today webcast for May 17 2016 with Courtney Ferguson.

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May/16

18

Why LEDs struggle to break into prisons

Why LEDs struggle to break into prisons

The UK’s Ministry of Justice has unveiled its latest technical specification for lighting – but it barely mentions LEDs.

Looking to win some business from the custodial sector? The Ministry of Justice has unveiled its latest technical specification for lighting, with the emphasis firmly on quality and longevity.

However the document – titled the Ministry of Justice, Estate Directorate Technical Standards: Electrical Installation (operating at low voltage and extra low voltage): Standard number: STD/E/SPEC/018 – is remarkably short on LEDs.

After all, there are lots of aspects of LED performance that would appear to lend themselves to custodial lighting: the discreet form factor that the source makes possible that could reduce overall luminaire size; the operational benefits from energy usage and lighting control; the potential safety benefits in using Power over Ethernet wiring; and the colour quality that’s now available across the LED range are just four of the headline issues pointing towards the potential for LED lighting.

But there are some serious technical criteria to overcome first.

Manufacturing standards

As you’d expect, all of the usual luminaire and components manufacturing and testing standards need to be complied with – and if your equipment doesn’t comply with BS EN standards, then you’ll have to make a special submission to MoJ Technical Standards for its consideration.

Luminaire testing

The testing that you do won’t be done in-house, I’m afraid. Luminaires will be tested either by MoJ or, more likely, you will engage a UKAS-accredited test house that will carry out tests in accordance with the MoJ Model Agreement for testing.

Sturdiness of construction

Ingress and impact rating will apply. The MoJ is looking for impact resistance of IK10 and an IP2X for general use inside buildings. And luminaires will be fitted with tamper-resistant exposed fixings. And you will comply with all anti-ligature design requirements.

Of course, if you’re looking to provide luminaires for cells, you’ll have to work much harder. The specification for cell luminaires requires an IP65 rating because fires inside cells are dealt with by ‘cell inundation’, achieved by spraying water into the cell via an aperture in the door. And the IK rating is off the scale. After all, these are places where the occupants don’t necessarily want to be and occasionally decide to take out their frustrations on whatever is to hand.

Luminaires need to withstand sustained attack without distortion that might lead to supports for ligatures. And for the same reason, burn tests are also carried out on diffusers to check if it’s possible to male a hole that could be used to support a hook for a ligature.

LED performance reporting

LED technology has been reviewed on a regular basis and has yet to gain a foothold in the sector. This may have something to do with the current requirements for lamp and luminaire performance which marginalises the usual in terms of cost savings benefits.

Required life terms

Light source mortality must be no greater than 10% within the declared life expectancy.
Light source output must not fall lower than 80% at the end of declared life expectancy.
Fluorescent tubes are required to have a declared life expectancy of 45,000 hours, with associated HF control gear having a life expectancy of at least 50,000 hours.

There’s an important point to make here. These figures relate to sources and control gear, not to entire luminaires. Embedded LED fixtures that require removal of the entire fixture are likely to be frowned on. Informally, the MoJ would expect a life term of around 25 years for luminaire housings; not an unreasonable figure when so much effort has to go into the construction quality.

What’s evident from reading the MoJ standards for prison lighting is the emphasis on luminaire performance. Light sources are selected because of their known qualities, and T5 lamps with 3000K colour temperature could be described as the default lamp, given the performance standards demanded. At some point the LED will start to make an appearance, probably within an existing, approved, luminaire housing. Whether that basic kind of retro-fit delivers all of the benefits that LED technology can bring to custodial lighting is a question still to be answered – possibly yet to be asked.

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May/16

17

Take the plunge into LED Lighting

Since old fashioned incandescent and halogen bulbs are being banned by governments around the world, most home owners have had to consider low energy alternatives.

The favourite choice now is LED (Light Emitting Diode) bulbs, which are currently leading the field in terms of energy savings, product life and ease of use.

But how many of us understand the ways in which LED bulbs are different to incandescent models, and how to ensure that when we upgrade our lighting we actually make the right choices?

Let’s start with some basic facts about LED bulbs.

Basically, they offer a number of significant advantages to the obsolete incandescent types:

  1. Major power saving: LEDs use approximately five times less energy as incandescent bulbs. As an example, you can replace an old 40W reading light bulb with an 8W LED. And since LEDs offer a more focused light, the energy savings could be up to 90%, and you can therefore have a lower-wattage bulb.
  2. ‘Cleaner’ Product: LEDs are non-toxic, and in particular contain no mercury.
  3. Less Heat: Much less heat is produced by LED bulbs, in comparison with incandescent lights. That is especially important in Southern climates where air-conditioning is used.
  4. Longer Life:  LED bulbs do not need to be replaced very often – they can last up to twenty years in regular use.
  5. Better Investment: They do cost more to buy, but when you consider their longer life and energy savings, they are a great investment.

So, when the time comes to replace old light bulbs, LEDs are the obvious choice, but how do we go about making the right selection for our home? There are so many styles, sizes, shapes and special formats on the market now, how do you know which is the right one?

Here are some tips to help you make the right decision…..

Consider how much brightness you need

Back in the bad old days, we all got used to measuring a light bulb’s brightness simply by its wattage. A 60 Watt bulb gave us an average light output for most domestic situations. However, wattage actually measures the amount of electrical energy a light bulb uses – a lot of which is given out as heat. Clearly, an LED will use fewer watts to generate the same amount of light.

To make sure that you get an LED with sufficient light output, you will need to get used to measuring brightness in lumens. An old fashioned 60-watt incandescent bulb generates about 800 lumens, so to get an equivalent, you need to look for an LED rated at 800 lumens of light output. A lot of LED packaging will tell you what wattage of incandescent bulb the lamp would be equivalent to.

What about quality of light?

Depending on where you are planning to use the LED bulbs, the quality of light may well be an important factor. Light quality is generally measured by CRI or Colour Rendering Index. This number indicates how accurately the bulb illuminates colours on a scale from 1 to 100. If you plan to use the lamp frequently – say in a living room – or it is going to be used in a prominent location like an entrance hall, CRI is a very important metric to consider. However, if it’s going to go into an airing cupboard or toilet, CRI isn’t as crucial. CRI ratings in excess of 85 and above are indications of very good colour rendering.

Are “warm” or “cool” light colours important?

There is a wide variety of LED bulbs available now, offering a range of light “colour temperatures” in Degrees Kelvin, or simply “K”. How do you know what colour temperature works for you? Colour temperatures with high K ratings, 6,000 or more, are classified as ‘cool’ colours, while those with lower K ratings, 3,500 or less, are classified as ‘warm.’ You will find most retailers referring to their products as cool white and warm white LED Bulbs.

Warm white bears a close resemblance to the light produced by halogens and incandescent bulbs. It is soft, easy on the eyes and promotes a comfortable and domestic aesthetic. As a rule of thumb, warm white bulbs should be used in ‘habitat’ spaces, such as living rooms, hallways and bedrooms, and as general illumination. In contrast, cool white is a very bright, sharp white light; less suitable for domestic spaces where the brightness of the light can be too harsh and even create a clinical effect.

What shape or type of LED bulb do you need?

LEDs now come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes, and will be suitable for replacing just about any kind of incandescent light bulb. You will now find LED globe light bulbs, chandelier light bulbs, and reflector light bulbs – along with lots of newly manufactured shades, lamps and fixings that have them built-in.

The traditional “light bulb” shapes are designed to give an all-round source of light, for instance in a table lamp or ceiling fitting, and are known as “omni-directional”. Reflector types are designed to give light off in one direction, so they’re best for overhead lighting, spotlights, and display lighting.

How about replacing incandescent bulbs in dimming systems?

Unfortunately, many old incandescent dimmers aren’t fully compatible with LED lighting, so you need to be careful when considering dimming. Many of the newer types of LED light bulb do have dimming capabilities – a great option if you want to save even more energy and control the room’s ambient environment. But you may need to invest in an LED-specific dimmer. If you’re looking for a dimmable LED, carefully check the specification on the bulb’s packaging and make sure you control it with a compatible dimmer.

Some don’t like it hot!

LED based light bulbs work best when they are kept cool. If you use an LED outdoors in winter or inside a refrigerator, it will actually last longer. However, excessive heat can cause problems, particularly as LEDs exposed to extreme heat may degrade more quickly over time. So, if you plan to use them in an area that can get hot (like in overhead recessed spotlights) it would be better to invest in high-temperature specification types which use an advanced cooling system – like the types produced by Megaman.

And finally, how can you actually get the ball rolling to take advantage of LED technology in your home?

Right at the beginning it takes a little research effort – initially you need to go round your home and make a note of all the bulbs you are currently using – including wattage (60W, 100W etc.), type of fixture (screw, bayonet etc.), bulb type (reflector, standard, golf ball, etc.) size and colour (warm, cool, etc.). Also approximately how much usage each bulb gets.

Next you need to figure out the type of LED bulb which can be used to replace each incandescent type in terms of lumens, shape, size and fixture. Check out dimming requirements carefully, then make a comprehensive list and check prices on the Internet or through lighting retail outlets.

All that’s needed then is to make the investment, change the bulbs, and start making real savings on your electricity bill!

Visit www.novelenergylighting.com to explore the LED options available at great prices!

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The IoT, in which every device can communicate with every other device – even a smart bedcover can ‘talk’ with devices such as Philips’ Hue LED lighting system – is fast becoming a fact of life, like it or not. But how are the IoT technologies evolving, what are the benefits and how about the risks? And how about a wider context? James Hunt explains:

Internet and device growth…and the IoT could represent 200 billion devices by 2020. Some say even this is conservative! 

Mario Morales, IDC

The IoT is as of countless ‘things’ that are fitted with uniquely identifiable embedded devices that are wirelessly connected to the Net.  These ‘nodes’, as the ‘things’ are called, can send or receive information without human intervention. The nodes can even be fitted to animals (to track or find them), and indeed to people and their clothes – for a variety of reasons we may or may not like.


To achieve this, every ‘thing’ – which could be an LED light source or luminaire, or thermostat, or an industrial controller, for example – must be uniquely identifiable through its embedded computing system, yet it must also be able to interoperate within the existing Internet infrastructure. Such devices are proliferating fast.

With its myriad such devices, including sensors and actuators that ‘talk’ to each other wirelessly and on the Internet, the IoT brings with it an astonishing ability to measure, monitor, and analyse data. This includes, for example, consumer behaviours and buying habits – and not just consumers either, as all businesses can benefit.

Such monitoring and analyses can be used to determine future product developments that will revolutionise the ways in which we live and do business. For the vast majority of homes – made ‘smart’ by IoT devices – everyday life will be enhanced by technology, particularly in terms of entertainment and comfort.

To take just one example – Google and Philips Lighting have got together for Nest Lab’s intelligent wireless thermostat and home automation devices to work with Philips’ Hue IP-connected LED lamps – OSRAM is in on the act too.

 

Connectivity is the word

When the IoT is augmented with devices such as sensors and actuators, it can then encompass increasingly important technologies such as smart homes, buildings, grids and cities, as well as intelligent transportation. These devices collect useful data with the help of various existing technologies and then autonomously flow the data between other devices – such as those that use Wi-Fi for remote monitoring. But how, in brief, does such connectivity work?

Firstly, there are several types of connectivity used by the IoT. These are:

* Personal Area Networks (PAN)
* Local Area Networks (LAN)
* Neighbourhood Area Networks (NAN)
* Wide Area Networks (WAN).

PANs and LANs are those that most domestic and small business IoT installations are likely to use directly and these are also the ones that the majority of electrical contractors and installers will be involved with.

 

Those IoT devices that use a PAN with a smartphone will use the smartphone as the gateway to the Internet (WAN). Devices in a smart home or automated building can connect to a LAN and find their way to the Internet too.

So IoT devices use, as the name implies, Internet connectivity, but smart devices that are part of an overall IoT can also use other enabling technologies, such as RFID and near-field communication (NFC), optical tags and quick response codes (a now common example is the QR Code) and a whole range of wireless (Wi-Fi) topologies. The latter include Bluetooth Low Energy, low energy wireless IP networks, ZigBee, Z-Wave, LTE-Advanced (high-speed communication specification for mobile networks) and Wi-Fi Direct (Wi-Fi for peer-to-peer communication without needing to have an access point (AP).

It remains to be seen if any one of these becomes pre-eminent.

Important IoT issues

Away from IoT issues that will affect electrical wholesalers, contractors and installers directly – as opposed to regulators, data centre developers and owners, specifiers and IoT / network device manufacturers – there are a number of problems that will need to be addressed to ensure successful wide-scale take-up.

For example, thousands of IoT devices signaling and sending data to each another take both CPU consumption and a surprising amount of energy. This costs money and has carbon emission implications, so IoT devices should use the minimum energy possible. Though this will not normally affect electrical distributors, contractors and installers, ultra-low-power wireless chipsets should be used in IoT devices and low power networks – such as Bluetooth low-energy, ANT, ANT+, ZigBee, ZigBee RF4CE, Wi-Fi, Nike+, IrDA and the near-field communications (NFC) standard.

Bandwidth take-up is another IoT connectivity issue. Bandwidth on a cellular (mobile) network is expensive, especially with hundreds of thousands of IoT devices sending request/response signals to a server – the result is that the server farm will need to be large enough to handle all the data. With the potential for many billions of devices (possibly even trillions longer term), this will be a huge problem that must be addressed.

Another issue is presence detection of IoT devices. This provides the exact state of all IoT devices on a network and shows immediately when any device drops off the network – or when it comes back on. In this way, the IoT devices can be monitored (and fixed if a problem occurs).

And for those IoT devices that ‘live on their own’ – such as trackers – the connectivity to the wider Internet can be tricky.

Finally, it is important to note that the Internet is not simply one network, and heterogenous networks, proxy servers and security firewalls can all disrupt connectivity. So a fully functioning, all-encompassing IoT is not with us yet as many issues need to be sorted. Even so, the vast majority of Voltimum users will not need to confuse themselves with this level of granularity – most already available smart devices they install for domestic use as part of the IoT will be simple to install and commission. They are already.

At light speed!

Although Wi-Fi has not been in the public domain for too many years – apart from computer routers – it is now an established means of data communication. It is fast and increasingly reliable. Importantly, it is quick and easy to install because expensive and disruptive hard wiring is not needed.

However, there’s a new kid on the block that is even faster – far faster – and it has its own set of advantage and disadvantages. Let’s look at it briefly here:

This important newcomer is Li-Fi, which has as its analogue Wi-Fi, but being based upon light (which travels at 186,000 miles/s) is very much faster – many times faster than conventional Wi-Fi – and possibly up to 10 times cheaper.

Li-Fi (or Light Fidelity) is a form of visible light communication (it can also use infrared and near ultraviolet). It is bidirectional and fully networked and has been described as a ‘new era of wireless connections’. With claimed speeds of up to 224 GBps (though mostly lower), this new technology could enable a high-definition film to be downloaded in seconds.

The change to Li-Fi, when it comes, will be driven mainly by the electrical and lighting sectors through LED lighting. Li-Fi will turn every LED lamp into wireless access points (APs), which effectively allows any user to move between sources without losing the connection. The LED lamps act as the medium to deliver networked, mobile, high-speed communication in a similar manner to Wi-Fi (but much faster). All this then becomes another enabler and part of the IoT.

Li-Fi has the advantage of being suitable for use in areas sensitive to electromagnetic waves such as aircraft cabins, hospitals and nuclear power plants, because it does not cause electromagnetic interference. However, the light waves cannot penetrate walls, so reducing Li-Fi’s scope, and there may be problems in bright sunlight. Such difficulties will have to be addressed before there is widespread use of Li-Fi, but there’s no doubt that this new technology is creating great excitement.

Already there are examples of Li-Fi in the market. For instance, Philips Lighting has developed a system for shoppers in stores. They have to download an app on their smartphones, which then work with the lighting LEDs in the store. The LED light sources can pinpoint where the shoppers are located in the store and give them corresponding coupons and information based on which aisle they are on and what they are looking at.

Li-Fi is very likely, therefore, to change data communication; importantly for the electrical and lighting sectors, it will also generate much-needed new revenue.

Ethernet and Industrial Ethernet with the IoT

The IoT doesn’t only have domestic applications; it has a vast potential in commercial, retail, hospitality and public building sectors too. Then there’s industry – in particular, manufacturing and process plant. A connectivity protocol that is very widely used in IT is Ethernet and its industrial counterpart is the much more rigorous Industrial Ethernet. These, together with Wi-Fi are effectively enabling the Manufacturing Internet of Things – otherwise known more usually as the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT).

The (IoT) has morphed from its RFID origins to one that encompasses all networked devices, both within and without a manufacturing operation. The big drive to adopt IoT in manufacturing has coincided – says Automation World – ‘with a concurrent enabling trend toward use of Industrial Ethernet and wireless (Wi-Fi) network technologies within the production environment’.

In addition to intelligent sensors and machines, the IIoT also takes in ‘Big Data’, cloud computing, analytics, mobility and what is termed universal visualisation. Manufacturers are aiming to implement the IoT or IIoT to optimise assets, increase production efficiencies and, therefore, improve business performance. This is achieved by gathering data from the many sensors, actuators, other devices, machines and controllers operating on the shop floor. This data is then made globally available via a cloud or similar infrastructure platform to those operators who have the authorisation (and for security’s sake, only them), so that they can monitor and analyse it – and act upon it if necessary.

The application of the IoT and IIoT to industry is really beyond the scope of this article, and relatively few Voltimum users are likely to be involved in the sector, but it is important to note, even so, how the IoT is having a crucial impact here already.

Security and safety will be crucially important

There’s that proverbial fly in the ointment, of course, and this is security, which will be of paramount importance if the future all-encompassing IoT is to work as intended, safely and securely. This is because just about everything (and everybody) will be connected together. The possibilities for hacking, denial of service, fraud and utility- and city-scale disruption are huge.

Indeed, security concerns are developing faster than even the IoT itself. This is especially so when it is considered that IoT devices will be (and already are) connected to smart grids, smart cities, water and gas utilities, energy organisations, transport etc. And domestic smart meters will connect homes to power utilities. Knowing this, the potential for catastrophe is certainly clear, whether by accident, by virus intrusion or via hacking.

So among the many considerations will be to ensure that when sending or receiving data, the IoT device or server must have proper authorisation for that (and every such) action. Also, an IoT device is dangerously vulnerable when it is listening to an open port out to the Internet – ports should not be open, despite the need for bidirectionality. End-to-end encryption between devices and servers will be crucial.

But security doesn’t just mean ensuring that your IoT system is secure from hacking; it also involves privacy and whether you can be spied upon, because the IoT holds the possibility that organisations will be able to intensify personal surveillance. And if they can, you can be sure they will try.

Issues include when someone sells a house with a smart thermostat or garage door, how does the new owner ensure former users can no longer access these devices? And how do manufacturers protect against intrusions into smart TVs and theft of data collected from device cameras and microphones? Such issues have to be addressed to make the IoT safe and secure, now and in the future.

Standards

It is clear that IoT and connectivity standards are already a crucially important, though already divisive topic. After all, how will devices connect to others without interoperability standards? Yet, many devices so far conform to a wide range of often non-interoperable standards.

Cross-industry open source organisation, the AllSeen Alliance  (among others) believes that the IoT cannot meet its full potential without an open platform to ensure interoperability between devices from different manufacturers.

Then there’s research by ON World, which finds that the wireless standard ZigBee, already being used by many IoT devices, continues to increase its share of the IEEE 802.15.4 and smart home markets. By 2020, the study claims, ZigBee standards will be used in eight out of 10 of the 802.15.4 chipset shipments.

Furthermore, the Thread Group announced last year that it had completed the specification and documentation for its IP-based wireless networking protocol for low-power connected devices in the home.

These represent just a very few examples of potential interoperability clashes for connected and IoT devices. Therefore, organisations such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC), and the European IoT-A (Internet of Things – Architecture) project, among others, are looking to provide architectural frameworks that define relationships between IoT domains and devices, as well as appropriate security schemes.

As these few examples show, it’s clear that there is much work to do as far as standards and interoperability are concerned.

And finally….

For the future? Well, the World Economic Forum makes five predictions for the IoT, bearing in mind that in the past year alone, IBM has invested £2 billion in its IoT business unit, and AT&T announced a record 1.6 million connected device net additions, including one million IoT-enabled cars, in Q3. Earlier in the year, Samsung declared its commitment to connecting everything it sells by 2020, and GM stated that its OnStar 4G capabilities will generate £242 million in profit over the next three years.

The predictions are:

– That the ‘security of things’ will take centre stage.

– We will stop counting the ‘things’ in favour of more important success metrics to put a premium on the quantifiable impact of new services.

– For the first time, more new cars will be connected than not.

– Low-power wireless area network (LPWAN) technologies will not go mainstream because the technologies are still in their infancy.

– The IoT market will align around a more precise lexicon, meaning that ‘business savvy enterprises will demand accuracy and accountability, resulting in clearer definitions from IoT solution providers’.

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Can power over Ethernet transform how we control lights in the workplace?

The humble Cat 5 cable – now capable of carrying power to your lights as well as data

Lux reports: LED lighting is helping buildings around the world slash their electricity bills because the amount of energy needed to run LEDs is so much lower than that consumed by traditional forms of lighting.

But lower energy consumption isn’t just about saving money and being kind to the environment. It’s starting to demonstrate other benefits too.

The electrical load of LED sources is now so low that you don’t even need mains cables to power them – you can use standard network cables, so it’s easier and cheaper to connect and control your lights.

This technology is called ‘power over Ethernet’ (PoE) and, as the name suggests, it’s a way of providing power for electrical equipment through Ethernet cables – the same ones that already form the backbone of the IT network in your office.

Ethernet uses ‘cat 5’ (or more recently cat 5e or cat6) cables – the kind you plug into your router, with the plastic clip on the end that clicks into place.

Cat 5 cables are really designed to carry data, not power. But as long as the load is below a certain wattage (up to about 60W at the moment) they can power and communicate with devices at the same time. Which turns out to be really useful.

So what are the advantages for lighting? Well, everyone knows that wiring up a new lighting system can be an expensive headache, and to install a control system, you’ll need yet another network of wires up in the ceiling, along with the power cables.

If you want control but can’t face all that wiring, you’ve got three options: send the data wirelessly (using specially equipped drivers), send the data over your power cables (using power-line communication, offered by the likes of Lumenpulse and Echelon), or send the power over your data cables – in other words, PoE.

The great thing about using cat 5 cables for this kind of thing is that they’re cheap to buy and even cheaper to install – no need for an electrician, just click the cables into place and you’re away. Philips, one of the suppliers of power over Ethernet systems for lighting, reckons installation is up to 25 per cent cheaper than conventional wiring.

But that’s just the beginning – the real savings are in the longer term.

The next big advantage is the level of intelligence that an Ethernet-based control system can bring. Every light becomes a point on a network, with its own IP address. That makes it easy to control and monitor them (including remotely over the web), and if your light fittings incorporate presence sensors, temperature sensors, light sensors and so on, you can track that data too.

PoE brings lighting into the ‘internet of things’, allowing you to connect your lighting to other devices and systems in the building, such as heating, ventilation, IT services and security. The facilities manager has a single system that shows exactly how the building is being used.

Up and running

Philips already has a PoE lighting control system up and running at a new Amsterdam office building occupied by accountancy firm Deloitte.

UK-company Prolojik also has a power over Ethernet system, Light Matrix, that it sells with luminaire makers Future Designs and Phi Lighting. The system is installed in a meeting room at the offices of PricewaterhouseCoopers in central London, to power and control 20 direct/indirect luminaires.

Other companies working on PoE for lighting include Iowa-based Innovative Lighting and California’s Nuleds.

To use Prolojik’s power over Ethernet system, you need a black box called an Ethernet switch, which converts AC mains power to the DC that goes through the cat 5 cables (achieving 10 per cent efficiency savings over a standard setup where mains power goes all the way to the driver, Prolojik says). Once the switch is installed, the electrician’s work is done. It can power up to 3kW of lighting: it has ports for 48 cables, each of which can be used to power and control 60W of lighting – enough for maybe one or two luminaires each. Any luminaires rated up to 60W can be used with the system, although it does require Prolojik’s Dali drivers.

Mark Vincent, commercial director of Prolojik, says the ease of installation is a big draw for clients. ‘When we’ve been presenting this, I’ve been apologising to electricians and contractors, because we’re taking their business away,’ he says. But the real benefits are in fully addressable control of lights, and the long-term energy-efficiency benefits.

As with Prolojik’s system, the Philips system works with third-party luminaires, and talks to any existing control systems that may already be installed in a building. Philips’ PoE system is based on a network of small Ethernet switches, so it can be scaled from powering a handful of luminaires to 1,000 of them.

Jeff Cassis, senior VP of global lighting solutions at Philips Lighting, says: ‘You can extract whatever data you want, whenever you want. Not only can you monitor energy consumption per light source, you have this really granular ability to look at what’s happening on my floor or building, aggregate that and understand how people are using the spaces. If you have multiple sites or buildings, you can look at how different buildings are managed. You could see how to use certain areas better, cool areas down that aren’t being used and make extra savings due to occupancy.’

Call us today to discuss your building lighting requirements. Tel: 0208-540-8287 or sales@novelenergylighting.com.

www.novelenergylighting.com

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May/16

16

Philips ditches sale for IPO

Philips chiefs turn down buyers in favour of a stock market flotation. PLUS: Why laser diodes are the hottest trend in car lighting AND: The winners of the Lighting Design Awards. Lux Today webcast for Tuesday May 10 2016 is presented by Courtney Ferguson.

 

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May/16

5

Road And Tunnel Lighting – Thorn

When lighting traffic routes the primary concern is safety and comfort, especially in conflict areas where traffic may be merging, becoming compressed or changing direction or in stretches of open road where traffic speeds may be high.

 

To ensure safety on stretches of open road involves visibility over relatively large distances, generally 30 metres or more, to account for the high traffic speeds that may be present. To achieve this at below optimal lighting levels for our eye requires a different approach to lighting which is to light the road surface, making objects appear in silhouette against the bright surface. However where speeds can be expected to be lower and objects closer, such as in conflict areas or tunnels, this no longer works as the road surface may be visually below the object outline preventing it appearing as a silhouette, and therefore the objects themselves need to be lit as opposed to the road surface. These changing requirements are reflected in the design criteria, luminance for traffic routes and illuminance for conflict areas and tunnels.

 

In Europe lighting requirements for roads are given in the document EN 13201 Road Lighting. This document is in multiple parts and describes how to decide the relevant road class and then the lighting requirements that this class requires. Lighting requirements for tunnel lighting are given in document CR 14380 Lighting Applications – Tunnel Lighting. However this document is a report not a standard and should be used in conjunction with local practice.

 

Best practice
The luminaires should be appropriate for the local climactic conditions. For open areas the fitting should ideally be shaped and mounted to minimise windage, which is the effect of wind producing a stress on the luminaire and all mounting equipment. All brackets, columns, etc. should be rated to withstand the maximum windage that will be encountered. In enclosed spaces such as tunnels the luminaire should be capable of withstanding mechanical shock caused by possibly near-continuous vibration as well as the poor air-quality which may contain corrosive pollutants.

Positioning of luminaires should provide maximum guidance as to the geometry of the road, giving a coherent visual story to a road user. It should be ensured that some light spills behind the edges of the road to allow visibility of objects off the carriageway that may pose a hazard, however this should be controlled to prevent excessive obtrusive light.

For tunnels the lighting should provide a smooth transition between the entrance, tunnel interior and exit zones allow the eye to adjust to the different ambient light levels. All tunnel surfaces should be lit to ensure a comfortable and safe passage through the space.

For both roads and tunnels care should be taken to prevent distracting flicker caused by bright sources of light travelling in a periodic way through the field of view (the car windscreen). This can give a similar effect to a stationary light dimming and increasing in response to the electrical supply.

Taking control

The use of photocell switching to react to levels of daylight or timed on/off can ensure the correct light at the required time. Dimming of lighting at hours of low usage, such as the use of bi-power dimming which reduces the lighting during the early hours of the day, can significantly reduce energy usage. In addition a more advanced lighting control system can allow the lighting levels to be set to the requirements of a situation, such as raising the lighting levels at the scene of an accident or traffic congestion whilst allowing central monitoring of lighting to ensure peak light management with optimal maintenance.

High efficiency control gear that minimise electrical losses, especially for higher power lamps, help increase energy efficiency, whilst the use of a high quality optic to control the light helps reduce waste light that falls outside the target area.

 

Visit www.novelenergylighting.com today to explore our Megaman LED retrofit solutions, or call: 0208-540-8287, email: sales@novelenergylighting.com

Key Products

 

Road Lighting

– Isaro

– Isaro LED

Tunnel Lighting

– GTLED

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Megaman Helps Keep Leicester University Environmentally Fit

Megaman has supplied its Siena 20.5W to The Danielle Brown Sports Centre at Leicester University for a £75,000 gym refurbishment. The Sports Centre, named after Danielle Brown MBE who studied law at the university and holds ten Paralympic world records, features a 20m pool, sauna and steam room, as well as cardiovascular gym and a double size sports hall.

Megaman’s Siena high performance, integrated LED recessed downlights have been installed in the gym to replace the 36W CFL and 50W downlights previously providing the illumination. Compact in size and with no external driver, the Siena range is easy to install and maintain and delivers a high efficiency lumen output which, in turn, produces more light when compared to conventional plug-in, tube downlights.  The Siena range of fixtures offers 50,000 hours life and instant start-up. Siena is also IP44 rated, making the fitting suitable for humid and damp conditions.

The lighting revamp has resulted in savings of 2862.77 pa in CO2 and a payback of £665.76 annually with final payback in 2.3 years. Everyone, users and staff alike, agree that the gym has been transformed into a much brighter place to exercise. The refurbishment has been finished off with all existing machines being upgraded to the latest specification, which includes screens on machines so you are able to watch live TV whilst completing a workout.

Visit www.novelenergylighting.com today to explore our Megaman LED retrofit solutions, or call: 0208-540-8287, email: sales@novelenergylighting.com

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